| Vercel | Website & API hosting, CDN, and Blob storage for snapshot delivery | IP address, request logs, snapshot files | US, EU |
| Vercel Web Analytics | Cookieless aggregate audience measurement, plus consent-gated bounded custom events | Query-free page paths, origin-only referrers, coarse device/geo and a daily request-derived visitor hash; bounded custom events only after Analytics consent | US, EU |
| Vercel Speed Insights | Consent-gated real-user performance and Core Web Vitals measurement | Query-free page paths, route templates, device context and Core Web Vitals, only after Analytics consent | US, EU |
| Neon | Managed PostgreSQL database hosting (account data, hashed tokens, billing metadata) | Account email, hashed API tokens, billing metadata | US, EU |
| Upstash | Serverless Redis for API abuse prevention and anonymous rate limiting | Short-lived SHA-256-derived rate-limit keys and request counters; no raw client IP address | US |
| Resend | Magic-link / transactional email delivery for passwordless auth | Account email, message metadata | US |
| Google Workspace | Business email for support, security and corrections enquiries (data@, security@, corrections@ addresses) | Email message content and metadata for messages sent to our contact addresses | US, EU |